Spanish tenses do not only locate an action in time. They can soften a request, express a guess, report a rumour or bring a story to life. Recognising these uses is essential for understanding the press and literature at C1.
| Uso | Tense | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Probability (present) | futuro simple | Serán las diez. | It’s probably ten. |
| Probability (past) | condicional | Tendría unos veinte años. | He was probably about twenty. |
| Probability (recent past) | futuro perfecto | Se habrá dormido. | He has probably overslept. |
| Concession | futuro | Será muy listo, pero es insoportable. | He may be clever, but… |
| Rumour / unconfirmed (press) | condicional | El ministro habría dimitido. | The minister has reportedly resigned. |
| Politeness | imperfecto / condicional | Quería pedirle un favor. ¿Podría ayudarme? | I wanted to ask… / Could you…? |
| Historical present | presente | En 1492 Colón llega a América. | vivid narration |
| Imperfect of planning / games | imperfecto | Yo era el rey y tú eras el dragón. | children’s pretend play |
| Imperfect of a cancelled plan | imperfecto | Mañana me iba a Roma, pero lo he cancelado. | I was going to… |
| Command | futuro | No matarás. | Thou shalt not kill. |
The conditional of rumour is typical of journalism and signals that the journalist does not vouch for the information: Según fuentes policiales, el detenido habría confesado. Use it to read the press critically.
El pretérito anterior
Hubo terminado (haber in the indefinido + participle) expresses an action immediately before another past action. It only appears in formal writing after apenas, en cuanto, una vez que, tan pronto como: Apenas hubo terminado de hablar, se marchó. In normal speech use the indefinido or pluperfect.